Objective To explore the effect of human milk odor combined with maternal voice stimulation on improving oral feeding in preterm infants, and to analyze the gestational age-specific effects. Methods A total of 126 preterm infants were randomized into a control group, an odor group, and a combined group，with 42 cases in each group. Routine nursing care was administered to the control group, while the odor group was subjected to the human milk odor stimulation on the basis of routine nursing care, while the combined group received both human milk odor and maternal voice stimulation. Results A total of 40 preterm infants completed the study in each of the three groups. After the intervention, the time to achieve full oral feeding in the combined group was signi-ficantly shorter than that in the odor group and the control group (both P<0.05), and this effect was particularly prominent in preterm infants with gestational age of 32 to <34 weeks. Simultaneously, significant group, time, and interaction effects were observed in the behavioral state scores across different feeding time points in the combined group (all P<0.05), manifested as significantly higher scores during the preparation and feeding periods, and significantly lower scores at the end of feeding and during the recovery period. Furthermore, the incidence of feeding intolerance and the length of hospital stay were significantly lower in the combined group compared to the control group (both P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found among the three groups in daily weight gain, weekly head circumference growth, or Z-scores at discharge (all P>0.05). Conclusion Human milk odor combined with maternal voice stimulation can effectively shorten the time to achieve full oral feeding, improve behavioral states during feeding, reduce the risk of feeding intolerance, and shorten the hospital stay in preterm infants. It is a safe and effective non-nutritive intervention strategy, particularly suitable for preterm infants with a gestational age of 32 to <34 weeks.