Objective To explore the latent profiles of self-care among clinical nurses and identify their influencing factors, and to provide a reference for developing targeted intervention measures. Methods From April to June 2024, a convenience sample of 1,059 nurses from three tertiary hospitals in Henan Province was surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Self-Care Scale, the Chinese Nurses′ Job Stressors Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.Latent profile analysis, univariate analysis, and multinomial logistic regression were employed to identify different latent profiles and their influencing factors. Results Four latent profiles were identified:low-level balanced group （11.9%）, professional-inner self dominant group (15.3%), medium-level group （47.5%）, and high-level comprehensive group （25.3%）.Gender, age, years of work experience, family location, only-child status, professional title, employment type, experience of self-care-related training, job stressors, and psychological resilience were identified as influencing factors for the latent profiles of self-care among clinical nurses (all P＜0.05). Conclusion Self-care of clinical nurses has distinct characteristics of classification. Nursing managers should implement targeted interventions based on the characteristics of nurses in different latent groups to enhance their self-care, resulting in promoting their physical and mental health.