Objective To explore the complex network among the dimensions of positive psychological capital and academic resilience in undergraduate nursing students, as well as to identify key nodes, so as to provide an evidence base for precision interventions. Methods A convenience sample of 1,795 undergraduate nursing students from Wenzhou Medical University was recruited. The Academic Resilience Questionnaire for College Students and the Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire were administered. Network structures were visualized and relevant indices computed with R 4.4.0. Results The mean scores for positive psychological capital and academic resilience were (124.65±18.80) and (99.18±15.41), respectively. Network analyses revealed the closest association between the resilience dimension of positive psychological capital and the cognitive defusion dimension of academic resilience (r=0.272). The goal-orientation dimension of academic resilience exhibited the highest strength centrality (Str=1.074), whereas the resilience dimension of positive psychological capital displayed the greatest betweenness (Bet=2.203) and closeness centrality (Clo=1.760). The hope dimension of positive psychological capital demonstrated the strongest bridge strength (Bridge Strength=2.825). Conclusion Undergraduate nursing students reported moderately-high levels of both positive psychological capital and academic resilience. The resilience and hope dimensions of positive psychological capital, as well as the goal-orientation dimension of academic resilience, constitute critical intervention targets.