Objective To explore the impact of error management climate on information security attitudes of clinical nurses, and to provide references for optimizing error management mechanisms and formulating information security management strategies. Methods A convenience sampling approach was adopted to select 764 clinical nurses from 10 secondary or tertiary hospitals in five cities within the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region during November through December 2024. Surveys were conducted using a general information questionnaire, the Information Security Attitude Questionnaire（ISA-Q), and the Orientation Questionnaire（EOQ). Results The clinical nurses′ information security attitude score was 94.00 (83.00, 98.00), and the error management climate score was 64.00 (60.00, 68.00). Information security attitude was positively correlated with error management climate (P<0.05). The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that after controlling for general information, error management climate could independently explain 27.3% of the total variance in information security attitude. Conclusion Creating a positive error management climate is of great significance for improving the information security attitudes of clinical nurses. Nursing managers should prioritize and improve the error management climate to enhance nurses′ information security attitudes and behaviors, and thereby ensure patients′ information security.