Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of Bloom′s Taxonomy combined with the Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) in clinical nursing practicum. Methods A prospective non-concurrent controlled trial was conducted. A total of 52 nursing interns who practiced in the Breast and Thyroid Surgery department from July to November 2023 were assigned to the control group and received traditional teaching methods. Another 52 interns from December 2023 to April 2024 were assigned to the experimental group and received the combined Bloom′s Taxonomy of Learning and Mini-CEX teaching method. The two groups were compared in terms of self-directed learning ability, clinical competence, final rotation examination scores, and teaching satisfaction. Results The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher scores in self-directed learning ability, clinical competence, final rotation examination performance, and teaching satisfaction compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion The teaching model integrating Bloom′s Taxonomy of Learning and Mini-CEX method effectively enhances the overall outcomes of clinical nursing practicum for student nurses.