Objective To explore the multidimensional symptom experience of patients with diabetic foot (DF) throughout the disease progression, and to provide a reference for developing targeted intervention strategies. Methods Using the Symptom Experience Model as the theoretical framework, a descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 21 DF patients. The data were analyzed using directed content analysis. Results Five themes were identified based on the theoretical framework: symptom cognition and management dilemmas; multidimensional complexity of foot symptoms; adaptation challenges in contextual transitions; diversified symptom coping strategies; and the holistic impact of symptoms on physical, psychological, and social well-being. Conclusion The complexity of symptoms in DF patients affects their physiological sensations and judgment of the disease condition, leading to challenges in situational adaptation, differentiated behavioral responses, and physio-psycho-social dilemmas. It is recommended to establish a comprehensive and dynamic support system throughout the care continuum, strengthen early education, symptom monitoring, role adaptation, and psychological intervention, advance patient-centered precision care, to alleviate symptom burden and improve quality of life.