Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a self-designed shower protection device for patients with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD).Methods An integrated multi-layer composite shower protection device was designed.A total of 160 patients scheduled for stage Ⅱ surgery after PTBD between September 2022 and May 2024 were enrolled and randomized by random number table into an experimental group (n=80) and a control group (n=80).During showering, the control group used plastic wrap to protect the dressing, while the experimental group used the shower protection device.Safety outcomes (dressing saturation, skin adverse reactions, tube displacement), patient comfort during showering, and nurse operation time were observed and compared.Results The experimental group had significantly lower rate of dressing saturation due to water ingress, and lower skin adverse reactions than the control group （both P＜0.05 ）.Showering comfort score was significantly higher and nurse operation time was shorter in the experimental group compared with the control group (all P＜0.05).Conclusion The shower protection device effectively prevents water ingress and skin injury during showering and improves patient comfort.