Objective To explore the current status and associated factors of parenting concerns among breast cancer patients, and to provide references for developing intervention programs to alleviate parenting concerns. Methods A convenience sample of 202 breast cancer patients was invited to complete a battery of questionnaires, including a general information questionnaire, the Parenting Concerns Questionnaire, the Social Capital Scale, the Perceived Spousal Support Scale, the Family Resilience Assessment, and the McMaster Family Assessment Device. A random forest model was used to rank the importance of independent variables and select the potential predictors which were used for multiple linear regression analysis. Results The average score for parenting concerns among breast cancer patients was 2.54±0.68. The random forest model showed that the out-of-bag (OOB) estimation error rate was lowest when the number of variables was 8. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that family resilience, perceived spousal support, family communication, monthly household income per capita, social capital, education level, and the number of minor children were significant influencing factors of parenting concerns (all P<0.05). Conclusion Parenting concerns of breast cancer patients are at a low to moderate level, indicating targeted interventions should be developed based on the influencing factors.