Objective To understand the current situation of work engagement among anesthesiology nurses, analyze its influencing factors, and explore the relationship between psychological capital, organizational commitment, and work engagement.Methods By adopting the convenient sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 328 anesthesiology nurses from hospitals at or above the secondary level using the General Information Questionnaire, the Work-related Flow Inventory, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and the Organizational Commitment Scale.Univariate analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were performed to explore the influencing factors of work engagement among anesthesiology nurses, and a structural equation model was constructed to verify the mediating effect of organizational commitment between psychological capital and work engagement of anesthesiology nurses.Results The total score of work engagement among anesthesiology nurses was (46.90±10.36) points, the total score of psychological capital was (97.81±13.44) points, and the total score of organizational commitment was (68.32±11.72) points.Work engagement among anesthesiology nurses was positively correlated with psychological capital and organizational commitment (both P＜0.05).After controlling for demographic variables with statistical significance in univariate analysis, stratified regression analysis results showed that whether the educational background in anesthesiology was nursing direction, psychological capital, and organizational commitment were the influencing factors of work engagement (all P＜0.05).There was a partial mediating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between psychological capital and work engagement among anesthesiology nurses, accounting for 69.430% of the total effect.Conclusion The work engagement level of anesthesiology nurses is at a moderate to high level, and organizational commitment plays a mediating role between psychological capital and work engagement.Managers should pay attention to the psychological capital of anesthesiology nurses and their level of organizational commitment to promote work engagement.