Objective To investigate the status of health information needs regarding infertility among the reproductive-age population, so as to provide a reference for implementing pre-pregnancy fertility education in clinical practice. Methods Using the keywords "reproduction", "fertility", and "infertility", we employed Python web scraping techniques to retrieve text related to infertility topics from the Xiaohongshu platform between January 2022 and March 2024. A total of 15,565 valid Q&A entries were extracted to form the dataset. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) modeling and co-word analysis were applied to identify latent thematic structures, followed by an in-depth interpretation of the results based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Results Six primary themes of concern were identified through the HBM, including physiological risks and disease factors (focus on specific risk factors such as advanced age), social and familial consequences (worries about the impact of infertility on family and social relationships), medical interventions and health improvements (focus on health benefits from examinations and treatments), resource and economic constraints (barriers mainly including accessibility of healthcare resources and financial burden), external catalysts (suggestions from relatives/friends and media publicity) and psychological adaptation and coping strategies (confidence levels in facing fertility challenges). Conclusion The health information needs regarding infertility among the reproductive-age population exhibits a multifaceted nature, spanning dimensions such as physiological risks, psychosocial factors, and medical resources. Healthcare workers should play the main role in the doctor-patient joint information service, providing full-cycle and scientific fertility information services for childless couples.