Effective self-management is crucial for improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients with chronic diseases. Gamification,as an emerging approach, can transform the self-management tasks of daily diseases into beneficial and interesting activities. To this end, this study introduces the theoretical foundation of effective gamification in the field of self-management of chronic diseases, the development and application practices of gamification, as well as the driving strategies for gamification. It also analyzes the research trends, challenges faced, and future perspectives in the promotion and application of gamification, aiming to enhance the effectiveness of self-management for patients with chronic diseases.