Objective To understand the current situation of error aversion culture and workplace deviance of nurses in Grade 3A hospitals, and to explore the influence of error aversion culture on workplace deviance of nurses in Grade 3A hospitals, so as to provide ideas for later research and countermeasures for reducing workplace deviance of nurses.Methods From April to June 2024, 1 420 nurses from Xi ′an Grade 3A hospitals were selected and investigated by a general data questionnaire, the Error Aversion Culture Scale and the Nurses Workplace Deviance Scale.Results The error aversion culture score of nurses in Grade 3A hospitals was （26.68±6.34） points, and the workplace deviance score was （29.83±7.13） points.Error aversion culture, age, professional title and working years were the main factors affecting the workplace deviance of nurses in Grade 3A hospitals （all P＜0.05）, which could explain 71.2% of the total variation, among which error aversion culture accounted for 26.0%.Conclusion The culture of error aversion of nurses in Grade 3A hospitals is below the medium level, and the workplace deviance is in the lower level.Relevant personnel can establish a good error management system, cultivate a good error learning atmosphere for nurses, and establish an error-tolerant department culture, and focus on nurses who are younger, have lower job titles and shorter working years, so as to encourage them to face up to errors and deal with them reasonably, thus further reducing nurses′ workplace deviance.