Objective To investigate the prevalence and determinants of cognitive frailty among older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to provide reference for prevention and management of cognitive frailty. Methods A total of 461 older patients with COPD were recruited. The instruments included a general information questionnaire, the Frailty Scale (FRAIL), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Results The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 23.0% in older patients with COPD. Multivariate logistic regression showed that marital status, regular exercise, insomnia, GOLD pulmonary function grade, and hemoglobin level were the influencing factors of cognitive frailty (all P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of cognitive frailty in older COPD patients is relatively high. Medical staff should pay attention to the assessment of cognitive frailty in older COPD patients and formulate intervention measures specific to the influencing factors to reduce the risk of cognitive frailty.