Objective To explore the influence path of digital health literacy on social frailty among elderly patients with chronic diseases in the community, and to provide reference for formulating targeted measures to reduce their social frailty. Methods A total of 896 elderly patients with chronic diseases in the community of Tangshan City were selected as the research subjects by the convenience sampling method. A general information questionnaire, the Digital Health Literacy Scale, Technology Anxiety Scale, Network Social Support Scale and Social Frailty Scale were used to investigate the elderly. Results The incidence of social frailty among elderly patients with chronic diseases in the community was 30.13%.The score of digital health literacy was (45.00±3.78) points, the score of technology anxiety was (35.54±8.27) points, and the score of online social support was (65.00±7.82) points. Technology anxiety played a partial mediating role between digital health literacy and social frailty, with the mediating effect accounting for 42.53%. The moderating effect of network social support influences the relationship between digital health literacy and technology anxiety (P<0.05). Conclusion Digital health literacy not only directly affects the social frailty of elderly patients with chronic diseases in the community, but also indirectly influences social frailty through technology anxiety. Network social support plays a moderating role in this process. It is suggested that in the context of the Internet, efforts should be made to increase multi-party support for elderly patients with chronic diseases, improve their digital health literacy, effectively reduce the generation of technology anxiety, and thereby lower the occurrence of social frailty.