Objective To explore the latent categories and influencing factors of intrinsic capacity in elderly patients with hospitalization-associated disability, and to provide basis for formulating targeted intervention measures. Methods By convenience sampling method, 504 elderly patients with hospitalization-associated disability were selected. General information questionnaire, the Barthel index(BI), the Frailty Phenotype(FP), the Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS), and intrinsic capacity assessment tools were used to investigate. Latent profile analysis was used to identify the categorical characteristics of intrinsic capacity in elderly patients with hospitalization-associated disability, and multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors among different categories. Results The intrinsic capacity score of elderly patients with hospitalization-associated disability was 61.34（52.79，68.39）, and they were divided into four categories, namely low intrinsic capacity group (46.4%), low locomotion and moderate intrinsic capacity group (24.2%), high cognition and moderate locomotion group (17.5%), and high cognition and low sensory group (11.9%). The results of multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that marital status, Barthel IndexI, frailty, self-reported health status, and serum albumin were the influencing factors of intrinsic capacity category in elderly patients with hospitalization-associated disability(all P<0.05). Conclusion There is obvious heterogeneity in the level of intrinsic capacity in elderly patients with hospitalization-associated disability, and the impairment is more serious in the dimension of locomotion. It is suggested that nursing staff implement targeted intervention to improve intrinsic capacity and delay functional decline, so as to achieve the purpose of disability prevention.