Objective To develop a childbirth dignity scale and test its reliability and validity, so as to provide an effective tool for assessing the dignity in childbirth for puerpera. Methods Based on the concept of dignity in childbirth, a scale item pool was constructed after literature research and semi-structured interviews, then an initial scale was formed through Delphi expert consultation. From December 2023 to March 2024, and from October 2024 to December 2024, totally 452 and 304 vaginal delivery women were selected and investigated to examine the reliability and validity of the scale. Results The Childbirth Dignity Scale consisted of four dimensions (physiological safety, psychological safety, maintenance of autonomy, and harmony of social networks) and 18 items. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 64.311%. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit well (χ2/df=2.281, RMSEA=0.065,GFI=0.923,NFI=0.935,RFI=0.902,IFI=0.962,TLI=0.942,CFI=0.962), and the overall Cronbach′s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.822, the half reliability coefficient was 0.911, the content validity index of the scale was 0.949, and the content validity index for each item was 0.823-1.000. Conclusion The Childbirth Dignity Scale has good reliability and validity, and it can be used to measure the dignity in childbirth for puerpera.