Objective To translate the Medical Curiosity Scale (MCS) into simplified Chinese and to test its reliability and validity among undergraduate nursing students. Methods Based on Brislin′s translation model, the Chinese version of the MCS was deve-loped through translation, back-translation, expert consultation, and pre-survey. From April to June 2024, a convenience sample of 525 undergraduate nursing students were selected from seven universities and colleges in Hubei Province and were surveyed to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the MCS. Results The Chinese version of the MCS consists of two dimensions with a total of ten items: intellectual curiosity and social curiosity.The item-level content validity index (CVI) ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, and the scale-level CVI/average agreement was 0.933. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 75.210%. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a good fit of the two-factor model (χ2/df=2.933, CFI=0.978, and RMSEA=0.078). The overall Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.935, the split-half reliability was 0.819, and the test-retest reliability was 0.921. Conclusion The Chinese version of the MCS has good reliability and validity, and it can be used to assess medical curiosity in undergraduate nursing students.