Objective To investigate the current awareness of the importance of telenursing competence among oncology nurses, to analyze the related factors, and to promote the development of telenursing skills and practices.Methods In May 2024, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 307 oncology nurses from 18 hospitals in Nanjing, using a general information questionnaire and a tool for assessing nurses′ awareness of the importance of telenursing competence.Results A total of 303 valid questionnaires were collected, with the overall score for the awareness of the importance of telenursing competence among oncology nurses being (177.50±5.76) points.The scores for the three dimensions of ethical, professional, and legal practice, nursing care and management, and professional development were (32.28±2.07), (96.97±4.28) points, and (48.25±2.92) points, respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that hospital level, training received, professional title, and position were influencing factors for the awareness of the importance of telenursing competence among oncology nurses (all P＜0.05).Conclusion The awareness of the importance of telenursing competence among oncology nurses is slightly above moderate level and influenced by multiple factors.Hospital administrators and nursing educators should enhance training for nurses to improve their telenursing service capabilities.