Objective To explore the effects of Internet-based self-help mindful self-compassion intervention on self-compassion and fear of progression in parents of children with cancer. Methods A total of 72 parents of children with cancer were recruited and randomly allocated into either a study or a control group, with 36 in each group. The control group received routine medical treatment and nursing care,while their counterparts in the study group received Internet-based self-help mindful self-compassion intervention for eight weeks. The Self-compassion Scale and the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-parent version were used to measure the effect at baseline and post-intervention． Results After the intervention, the total self-compassion score was significantly higher, whereas the total fear of progression score and dimension scores of affective reactions and family life were significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (all P< 0.05). Conclusion The Internet-based self-help mindful self-compassion intervention can enhance self-compassion level and ameliorate fear of progression in parents of children with cancer.