Objective To investigate the current status of occupational life quality of in-service nursing postgraduates and analyze its influencing factors, and to provide a reference for formulating targeted cultivation plans. Methods By convenience sampling, 246 in-service nursing postgraduates were investigated with the general information questionnaire, the Quality of Work Life (QWL7-32), the Core Competency Self-Assessment Scale for Nursing Postgraduates,the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and the Professional Self-Concept Scale. Results The occupational life quality score of in-service nursing postgraduates was (93.58±14.77), which was positively correlated with core competency, professional self-concept, and perceived social support (all P<0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression analyses showed that hospital work experiences, perceived social support, and core competency were the influencing factors of the quality of occupational life of in-service nursing postgraduates (all P<0.05), which together explained 36.8% of the total variance. Conclusion The occupational life quality of in-service nursing postgraduates is at a medium level, and it is recommended that nursing administrators provide multifaceted support to promote the improvement of their core competencies so as to improve the quality of their occupational life.