Objective To construct a discharge planning program for patients after radical prostatectomy based on evidence-based nursing, and to explore its effectiveness.Methods Sixty-six patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were divided into a control group of 35 and an experimental group of 31 according to their admission time.The control group received routine nursing care and follow-ups, while the experimental group received a discharge planning program which was designed specifically for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy based on literature review and expert consultation.Results The scores of discharge readiness and discharge teaching quality were significantly higher at discharge, whereas the scores of anxiety and quality of life were significantly lower at 1 and 3 months post discharge, in the experimental group compared with the control group （all P＜0.05）.Conclusion The implementation of discharge planning can improve discharge teaching quality, resulting in enhancing discharge readiness of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, alleviating their anxiety and improving quality of life.