Illness identity has a significant effect on blood glucose control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. When patients have adaptive disease identity, they are more inclined to cope with and manage the disease with a positive attitude to achieve disease management goals. In this paper, the definition, assessment tools (including the Illness Identity Questionnaire and the Accepting Diabetes and Personal Treatment Survey), influencing factors (mainly including gender, self-management behavior,psychosocial factors, and social support) and intervention measures of illness identity (including narrative therapy, psychodrama intervention, and the application of modern information technology) were reviewed, in order to provide a referencefor nursing staff to carry out relevant research and specify intervention programs.