Objective To improve the function of lumbar spine after surgery in patients with degenerative diseases of lumbar spine, to alleviate their pain and promote their health outcomes. Methods A total of 106 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases and undergoing posterior lumbar surgery were divided into a control group and an intervention group chronologically, with 53 cases in each group. The control group received routine postoperative nursing, while the intervention group received a scheme for prevention and management of lumbar postoperative syndrome based on the interaction model of client health behavior. The score of lumbar spine function and pain, the trunk deviation angle, pelvic torsion angle and the sum of maximum angle of left and right rotation of the vertebral body were compared between the two groups at different time points before and after the intervention. Results At 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the intervention, the pain score of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the group effect and time effect were significant when they were compared between the two groups (all P<0.05). At 3 months and 6 months after the intervention, the scores of lumbar spine function of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the group effect, time effect and group ×time interaction effect were significant when they were compared between the two groups (all P<0.05). At 8 weeks after the intervention, the trunk deviation angle, pelvic torsion angle and the sum of maximum angle of left and right rotation of the vertebral body in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Implementation of the prevention and management program for lumbar postoperative syndrome based on the interaction model of client health behavior, is conducive to alleviating postoperative pain for patients undergoing posterior lumbar surgery, improving the stability and function of the lumbar spine, and enhancing their rehabilitation.