Objective To investigate the first-time out-of-bed mobilization in patients after lumbar spinal fusion surgery, and to provide a reference for targeted interventions. Methods A convenient sample of 202 patients after lumbar spinal fusion surgery were surveyed with a self-designed first-time out-of-bed mobilization questionnaire. Results Among the 202 patients, 32 (15.8%) were out of bed within 48 hours after the operation. The time to first getting out-of-bed was (44.0±4.2) hours post-operation. Factors influencing the timing of the first out-of-bed mobilization for patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery included wound drainage volume within 24 hours post-surgery, changes in hemoglobin levels, changes in serum albumin levels, duration of drain tube placement, and levels of kinesiophobia (all P<0.05). Conclusion The proportion of patients engaging in their first-time out-of-bed mobilization after lumbar fusion surgery is low. Thus, medical staff must pay close attention to the influencing factors, formulate, and implement mobilization programs for these to improve their activity status and promote postoperative recovery.