Objective To construct a multi-component exercise plan for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with sarcopenia and evaluate its application effect. Methods A total of 76 patients with stable COPD were selected and assigned into 2 groups according to the units they were admitted. The control group received routine nursing intervention for COPD, while the intervention group was subjected to a multi-component exercise program which was developed based on evidence summary and expert consultation. Before the intervention, 8 weeks and 12 weeks into the intervention, sarcopenia-related indicators, respiratory symptoms, exercise tolerance, balance function and exercise compliance were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 68 patients completed the study, with 35 patients in the intervention group and 33 patients in the control group. Twelve weeks into intervention, the intervention group demonstrated significantly better outcomes in calf circumference, gait speed in 6 min walk test, and the results of the 5-times sit-to-stand test, as compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Additionally, at 8 weeks and 12 weeks into the intervention, the intervention group showed significant improvements over the control group in timed up-and-go test results, Modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale score, grip strength, 6 min walk test distance, and exercise compliance (all P<0.05). Conclusion The muti-component exercise program can effectively improve sarcopenia status and respiratory symptoms, as well as enhance motor function and quality of life of stable COPD patients with sarcopenia.