Objective To investigate the exercise behavior perception in breast cancer patients undergoing intravenous chemotherapy, and to analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for clinical intervention. Methods A total of 192 breast cancer patients undergoing intravenous chemotherapy were selected using convenience sampling method. Then they were investigated by utilizing a general information questionnaire, the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS), the Self-efficacy for Exercise Scale (SEES) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). The correlations between the scores of EBBS and SEES as well as SSRS were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of exercise behavior perception. Results The participants′ total score of EBBS was (109.82±14.82) points, SEES was (61.45±8.59) points and SSRS was (42.17±5.73) points. The score of EBBS was positively correlated with the scores of SEES and SSRS (both P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that, the score of SEES, the score of SSRS, marital status, educational background and TNM stage were the influencing factors of exercise behavior perception in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (all P<0.05). Conclusion The exercise behavior perception in breast cancer patients undergoing intravenous chemotherapy is influenced by multiple factors, medical staff should take targeted intervention according to the influencing factors, so as to improve their level of exercise behavior perception.