Objective To explore the real experience of home rehabilitation exercise in Parkinson′s disease patients and their caregivers, and to deeply dig the influencing factors of home rehabilitation, so as to provide a reference for improving home rehabilitation quality of patients with Parkinson′s disease. Methods This is a descriptive qualitative study. A total of 16 pairs of Parkinson′s disease patients who implemented rehabilitation exercise at home and their primary caregivers were selected for semi-structured interviews. Based on the Bronfenbrenner′s ecological systems theory, the thematic analysis and dyadic qualitative analysis approach were used to analyze the interview data and extract themes. Results Four themes were extracted.Micro-systems: individual characteristics of Parkinson′s disease patients (disease status and progression, resilience and coping style, post-traumatic growth, exercise self-efficacy and motivation). Meso-systems:family resilience system(primary caregivers′ micro-system characteristics, family belief system, family organization model, family communication process). Exo-systems:related social fields. Macro-systems:cultural environment. Conclusion The home rehabilitation exercise of patients with Parkinson′s disease is affected by multiple factors. Patients and their families should fully stimulate individual subjective initiative, pay attention to the care function of primary caregivers, mobilize family resistance to achieve family recovery, and make rational use of social resources. Medical education and other social fields should fully focus on specialized development and establish support systems to achieve home rehabilitation of patients with Parkinson′s disease.