Objective To explore the characteristics, potential categories and influencing factors of nurses′ knowledge, attitude and practice of insulin injection in Ningxia, and to provide references for formulating targeted intervention measures. Methods A total of 1 087 nurses from 3 second-level hospitals and 4 third-level hospitals in Ningxia were selected by stratified random sampling and convenient sampling to fill out the knowledge, attitude and practice of insulin injection survey, and latent class analysis was carried out. Results The scores of nurses′ knowledge, attitude and practice of insulin injection were (13.30±3.13), (17.37±3.08) and (79.55±12.39) points, respectively. The nurses were divided into two latent categories:medium knowledge-good attitude and practice group (86.4%) and poor knowledge-medium attitude and practice group (13.6%). The working years, department, average daily number of insulin injections and the number of training on insulin injection operation were influencing factors of the latent category of nurses′ knowledge, attitude and practice of insulin injection (P<0.05 for all). Conclusion There is heterogeneity in the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of insulin injection among nurses in Ningxia, suggesting that nursing managers can formulate targeted intervention strategies according to different potential categories and their influencing factors to improve the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of insulin injection among nurses.