Objective To explore the status quo and influencing factors of preoperative self-readiness in patients with brain gliomas based on the common-sense model of self-regulation, so as to provide a reference for the formulating targeted preoperative health education programs. Methods A total of 221 patients with brain gliomas were conveniently selected as the research subjects. A ge-neral data questionnaire, the Preoperative Self-Readiness Scale in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery, the eHealth Literacy Scale, the Patient Activation Measure, and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale were used to conduct a questionnaire survey. Multiple linear hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of preoperative self-preparation in patients with brain gliomas. Results The preoperative self-readiness score of patients with brain gliomas was 57.63±13.70 points. Preoperative self-readiness score was positively correlated with eHealth literacy score, activation score and positive affect score (all P<0.05), and negatively correlated with negative affect score (P<0.05). After controlling the general data, eHealth literacy, activation, positive affect, and negative affect were the influencing factors of preoperative self-readiness (all P<0.05), which could explain 53.7% of the total variation. Conclusion The preoperative self-readiness of patients with brain gliomas is at a moderate level and needs to be further improved. Medical staff should conduct personalized preoperative health education for patients with different characteristics to improve the level of preoperative self-readiness of patients.