Objective To develop and evaluate the effect of self-management intervention based on the integrated theory of health behavior on venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention in patients receiving immunotherapy for lung cancer.Methods A total of 130 patients with lung cancer receiving immunotherapy were allocated into a control group and an intervention group chronologically, with 65 in each group.The control group received routine nursing care, while the intervention group received self-management intervention for VTE prevention, which was developed following the guidance for developing complex interventions.The differences in VTE self-management behavior, satisfaction with VTE management, risk self-assessment rate, VTE incidence, anxiety and depression, self-efficacy, and self-care ability were compared between the two groups before, immediately after, 1 month, and 2 months after the intervention.Results The above-mentioned evaluation indicators in the intervention group were superior to those in the control group at different time points after the intervention （all P＜0.05）.Conclusion The self-management intervention for VTE prevention in lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy developed based on the integrated theory of health behavior, enables patients to adopt and maintain VTE self-management behaviors, reduces the incidence of VTE, alleviates anxiety and depression, and enhances self-efficacy and self-care ability.