Objective To investigate the effects of respiratory neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with anti-resistance breathing training on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, dyspnea, anxiety and depression in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Methods A total of 76 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated in the Respiratory Department of the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology from June 2022 to February 2023 were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 38 patients in each group. The control group received routine medication, respiratory function exercises, and health education. The observation group, in addition to the interventions provided to the control group, received 30 minutes of respiratory neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the morning and 30 sessions of resistance breathing training in the afternoon. The intervention lasted for 4 weeks, and the pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, severity of dyspnea, and psychological status were observed before and after the intervention. Results After the intervention, there were significant differences between the two groups in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) levels, mMRC score, and the score of Hospital Anxiety Scale (all P<0.05). Conclusion Respiratory neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with anti-resistance breathing training can improve the severity of dyspnea, enhance respiratory muscle strength, delay the decline of pulmonary function, and alleviate anxiety and depression in patients with pulmonary fibrosis.