Objective To investigate the current status of professional quality of life (ProQOL) among female palliative care nurses and explore the relationship between mindful self-care and ProQOL based on the Healthcare Professional Wellness Model, in order to guide female palliative care nurses to cope with compassion fatigue in a positive and effective way and improve their ProQOL.Methods A convenience sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey among 300 female nurses in 10 pilot hospice organizations in Shanxi Province. The Brief-Mindful Self-Care Scale, CD-RISC-10, ProQOL Scale, and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form were used for the survey.Results In the ProQOL Scale for female palliative care nurses, the dimension of compassion satisfaction scored (33.84±7.15), while compassion fatigue scored (51.22±10.36). Mindful self-care among female palliative care nurses showed a positive effect on compassion satisfaction (r=0.635, P<0.05) and a negative effect on compassion fatigue (r=-0.320, P<0.05). Psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between mindful self-care and compassion satisfaction, while it fully mediated the relationship between mindful self-care and compassion fatigue. The association between mindful self-care and psychological resilience was moderated by emotional well-being. Conclusion The majority of palliative care nurses demonstrate a moderate to high level of ProQOL. Psychological resilience acts as a mediator between mindful self-care and ProQOL, while emotional well-being serves as a moderator between mindful self-care and psychological resilience. Nursing managers should recognize the positive role of mindful self-care in the occupational health of palliative care nurses, enhancing their self-compassionate capacity to cope with compassion fatigue to ensure the stable development of the palliative care workforce.