Objective To identify the level and determinants of pain catastrophizing in patients with chronic pain, and to provide re-ference for targeted interventions. Methods A total of 303 patients with chronic pain attending outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital in Wuhan city were surveyed by using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Results The median (IQR) score of pain catastrophizing was 28.00(17.00,39.00). The subscale of rumination scored the highest and helplessness scored the lowest. Ninety-three (30.7%) of the participants had pain catastrophizing. Multiple linear regression showed that, average pain intensity, type of pain, the number of body parts involved, personal monthly income, and education level were factors affecting pain catastrophizing (all P.<0.05), explaining 34.0% of the total variance. Conclusion Patients with chronic pain reported severe pain catastrophizing. Nursing staff should pay more attention to those with severe pain intensity, more body parts involved, lower monthly income and education level, and take individualized interventions, thus to alleviate pain level and lessen pain catastrophizing of patients.