Objective To explore the heterogeneity of reproductive concerns in male cancer patients of childbearing age, so as to provide a reference for developing individualized intervention programs for different subgroups of patients. Methods A total of 236 male cancer patients of childbearing age were selected, then they were investigated by using a general information questionnaire, the Reproductive Concern After Cancer-male and the Cancer Peer Support Scale, and latent profile analysis was conducted to analyze their reproductive concerns. Results The participants′ score of reproductive concerns was 63.19±8.25, which could be divided into three potential profiles:low reproductive concerns-worry about children′s health group (30.93%), medium reproductive concerns-worry about personal health group (42.37%) and high reproductive concerns-worry about partner awareness group (26.70%). The male cancer patients with younger age, higher educational background, childlessness, fertility intention and lack of peer support were prone to be in the high reproductive concerns-worry about partner awareness group (all P<0.05). Conclusion The reproductive concerns in male cancer patients of childbearing age is at a medium or above level, which can be divided into three categories. Meidcal staff should accurately identify patients′ category of reproductive concerns, so as to implement targeted intervention to reduce the reproductive concerns of male cancer patients.