Objective To conduct simulation teaching under 3C guided feedback, so as to improve the critical thinking ability of baccalaureate nursing students. Methods The full-time baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in 2022 were selected as the research objects, then random lottery was adopted to divide them into a control group with 195 students from 4 classes and an experimental group with 193 students from other 4 classes. In the teaching of nursing scientific thinking method and decision-making in Chapter 10 of Nursing Introduction, the traditional teaching mode was implemented in the control group, while the simulation teaching under 3C guided feedback was conducted in the experimental group. The critical thinking ability and theoretical test scores were compared between the two groups, and the teaching effect was evaluated by the experimental group. Results After the teaching, the total score and each subscale score of critical thinking ability and the theoretical test score in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). In the experimental group, 91.7%-94.3% students indicated that, the teaching mode was conducive to their ability cultivation of clinical thinking and critical thinking, analysis and problem-solving. Conclusion The implementation of simulation teaching under 3C guided feedback in Nursing Introduction is conducive to consolidating theoretical knowledge, improving the critical thinking ability of baccalaureate nursing students, and enhancing the teaching effect.