Objective To develop the Female Role Stress Scale for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and to test its reliability and validity, so as to provide a tool for measuring role stress of this population. Methods Under the guidance of the role pressure theory, a preliminary draft scale was formed through literature analysis, qualitative interviews and expert consultation. From January to March 2023, 210 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from two tertiary hospitals in Zhenjiang were surveyed by using the preliminary draft scale to evaluate its reliability and structural validity; and from April to June 2023, other 238 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from two tertiary hospitals in Suzhou were investigated to conduct confirmatory factor analysis. Results The final Female Role Stress Scale for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus included 16 items in 4 dimensions (role conflict, role guilt, role overload and role ambiguity), the cumulative contribution rate of which was 72.901%. The confir-matory factor analysis results showed that the model fitted well (χ2/df=2.332, RMSEA=0.075, CFI=0.933, GFI=0.892, TLI=0.918). The Cronbach′s α coefficient of the scale was 0.898,the split half reliability was 0.792, and the retest reliability was 0.886. Conclusion The Female Role Stress Scale for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus has good reliability and validity, and it can be used to measure role stress for women with systemic lupus erythematosus.