Objective To review the patient-reported outcomes during the acute, subacute, and long-term follow-up stages of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in patients with hematologic malignancies, so as to provide a reference for early clinical judgment and intervention. Methods Domestic and international electronic databases were searched for studies on self-reported outcomes of patients with hematological malignancies subsequent to CAR-T therapy from data base construction until 20 March 2023. The included studies were screened, summarized and analyzed. Results A total of 16 studies were included and 18 evaluation tools were used to measure patient-reported outcomes after CAR-T therapy, and the measure ranges included symptoms, functional capacity and psychological well-being. Patients in the acute phase mainly reported a deterioration in symptom areas following CAR-T therapy, subacute patients frequently reported enduring impairments in social and occupational function, alongside symptoms of fatigue, pain, and sleep disturbances, and their counterparts undergoing long-term follow-up commonly reported neurological symptoms, anxiety or depression. Conclusion Variation exists in self-reported outcomes in patients undergoing different phases of CAR-T therapy, so it is necessary to conduct continuous monitoring by healthcare practitioners. Future research should develop a dedicated assessment tool to evaluate the efficacy of CAR-T therapy in patients with hematological malignancies, and establish a digital health monitoring system using electronic patient-reported outcomes.