Objective To explore the application effect of early ambulation time based on the RoSCo scoring system in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy. Methods A total of 108 patients undergoing partial nephrectomy were divided into a control group (n=53) and an intervention group (n=55) chronologically. The control group implemented conventional postoperative early ambulation guided by the conception of enhanced recovery after surgery, and their early ambulation time was determined by the assessment results of their postoperative consciousness, vital signs, pain, volume of drainage fluid, etc., while the intervention group was additionally assessed the risk level of surgical complications before operation using the RoSCo scoring system to comprehensively identify their early ambulation time. Results The first postoperative ambulation time, the time of first flatus, and length of postoperative hospitalization of the intervention group were statistically significant shorter than those of the control group (all P<0.05), and there were not statistically significant differences in postoperative complications and readmission rates within 30 days between the two groups (both P>0.05). Conclusion Application of the early ambulation time based on the RoSCo scoring system is conducive to promoting enhanced recovery of patients after partial nephrectomy, and it does not add the rates of surgical complications or unplanned readmissions.