Objective To evaluate the effect of a self-care intervention program for oncology nurses. Methods Based on the Self-care Being Theory, a self-care intervention program was constructed, which was then used in 30 oncology nurses. The nurses were investigated by using the Nurses′ Self-care Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale and the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, 1 month and 3 months after the intervention to evaluate the effect of the intervention program. Results There were statistically significant differences in the total score of self-care and the subscale scores of developing self-care consciousness, mastering self-care knowledge and maintaining self-health at the four time points, and there were statistically significant differences in the total score of self-compassion and the subscale scores of isolation, self-judgment and overindulgence (all P＜0.05), and the scores after the intervention were significantly higher than those before the intervention. Conclusion The self-care intervention program for oncology nurses is conducive to enhancing their level of self-care and self-compassion, and improving the nurses′ mental health.