Objective To cross-culturally adapt the 15-item Social Constraint Scale (Cancer-spouse Version) (SCS-15), and to test its reliability and validity in cancer patients of childbearing age. Methods Combined with the original scale, the traditional Chinese Spouse Social Constraint Scale was adapted to form a simplified Chinese version. Then 10 experts were invited to evaluate its content validity, and it was used to investigate 320 cancer patients of childbearing age to test its reliability and validity. Results The content validity index of the simplified Chinese SCS-15 was 0.888, its Cronbach′s α coefficient and test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.902 and 0.826 respectively. Two common factors were extracted through exploratory factor analysis, which explained 64.780% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that,χ2/df=3.395,RMSEA=0.077,TLI=0.909,CFI=0.908. Conclusion The simplified Chinese SCS-15 has good reliability and validity, and it can be used as a tool to assess the psychological experience of family relationship alienation in cancer patients of childbearing age.