Objective To investigate the change track of family resilience level in breast cancer patients 6 months after surgery, and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted to follow up 222 postoperative breast cancer patients at 4 time points:the postoperative diagnosis period （T0）, 1 month after the surgery （T1）, 3 months after the surgery（T2） and 6 months after the surgery （T3）, using a general information questionnaire, the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS), the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Results The participants′ total scores of FRAS at four time points were （98.95±11.31） points, （98.05±11.08） points, （99.38±10.57） points and （100.69±9.33） points respectively. The result of the analysis of generalized estimation equation showed that, the factors affecting the change trend of family resilience were educational background, place of residence, employment status, monthly family income, number of children, disease stage, confrontive coping and social support （all P＜0.05）. Conclusion Family resilience scores of breast cancer patients during 6 months after surgery display an overall increasing trend with time changing.Those patients with low educational background, remote living, no job and poor family conditions should be paid more attention, and it is necessary to develop targeted intervention to improve their level of family resilience, and promote family coping and adaptation to the disease.