Objective To develop the Occupational Exposure Risk Perception Scale for Staff in Central Sterile Supply Department, and to test its reliability and validity. Methods The structure of the scale was determined by the theory of risk perception and the multi-theory model of health behavior change.The item pool of the scale was compiled by literature analysis and qualitative interviews, and the first draft of the scale was formed by Delphi expert consultation. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested by questionnaire survey. Results The scale included 5 dimensions of possibility of occupational exposure, the severity of the consequences of occupational exposure, participatory dialogue, behavioral confidence and environmental change, totaling 33 items.Exploratory factor analysis showed that the cumulative percentage of variance of 5 common factors was 65.098%.The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.867 to 1.000, while S-CVI/UA was 0.864, and S-CVI/Ave was 0.983.The total score of the scale was positively correlated with the total score of the criterion tool (Risk Perception Questionnaire for Nurses) (r=0.674,P＜0.05).Cronbach′s α coefficient and test-retest reliability for the scale were 0.869 and 0.919 respectively. Conclusion The Occupational Exposure Risk Perception Scale for Staff in Central Sterile Supply Department has good reliability and validity, and can be used to assess the occupational exposure risk perception of relevant populations.