Objective To understand the current situation of career identity of anesthesia nurses and analyze its influencing factors. Methods 311 anesthesia nurses were investigated with general information questionnaire, Nurse′s Psy Cap Questionnaire and Nurse′s Career Identity Scale.The regression analysis was conducted on the influencing factors of the career identity of anesthesia nurses. Results The total score of career identity of nurses in anesthesia department was (82.57±13.17), and the total score of psychological capital was (78.16±14.58), both of which were at a medium high level. The career identity of anesthesia nurses was positively correlated with the level of psychological capital (P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression showed that psychological capital, job satisfaction and transfer of patients were the influencing factors of anesthesia nurses′ career identity (P<0.05). Conclusion The career identity of anesthesia nurses is at the middle level, nursing managers should actively guide nurses to enhance their psychological capital level, and improve their professional identity by optimizing work content and enhancing nurses′ satisfaction.