Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of fear of cancer recurrence in bladder cancer patients after diagnosis and analyze its influencing factors. Methods Totally 213 bladder cancer patients were investigated using a general information questionnaire, the short form of Fear of Disease Progression Scale, Social Support Rating Scale and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire at the time of diagnosis, as well as 1, 3, and 6 months after that. Results The scores of fear of cancer recurrence were 28.92±6.69,28.18±6.11,27.15±5.84 and 25.44±6.42 at the above-mentioned time points respectively. Age, monthly per capita household income, TNM stage, tumor recurrence, social support and coping style were influencing factors for fear of cancer recurrence (all P<0.05). Conclusion Fear of cancer recurrence is commom among bladder cancer patients, and the level of fear is decreasing from diagnosis to 6 months after that. Early identification and intervention should be carried out to reduce patients′ fear of cancer recurrence.