Objective To identify profiles of health literacy among caregivers of patients with chronic heart failure and analyze the influencing factors of the discovered profiles. Methods A total of 245 caregivers of patients with chronic heart failure were selected by convenience sampling and surveyed using a general information questionnaire and the health literacy questionnaire for caregivers of patients with chronic heart failure. Mplus7.4 was employed to perform latent profile analysis on health literacy of caregivers, and to test the differences in demographic variables between the discovered profiles. Results Three profiles were identified: low (38.0%), medium (56.3%) and high (5.7%). There were significant differences in age, relationship with patients, education, monthly per capita family income, time to care for patients, and having co-caregivers or not among different profiles of health literacy (all P<0.05). Conclusion There are differences in the health literacy level of caregivers of patients with chronic heart failure. Clinical medical staff should take targeted assessment and intervention measures to improve their levels.