Objective To construct an exercise rehabilitation program for patients with thoracolumbar intraspinal tumor and to evaluate its application effect. Methods A prospective non-contemporary experimental design was used. A total of 80 patients with thoracolumbar intraspinal tumor were evenly divided according to either of the 2 periods they were admitted. The control group received routine exercise rehabilitation training, while the intervention group was subjected to an exercise rehabilitation program particularly built for patients with thoracolumbar intraspinal tumor. Results After intervention, the intervention group had higher JOA scores, and lower anxiety, depression and pain scores, than the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion The application of exercise rehabilitation program in patients with thoracolumbar spinal canal is beneficial to accelerate nerve recovery, enhance mobility, relieve pain and negative emotions, thus boosting recovery of patients.