Objective To explore the effect of applying mind mapping method combined with teach-back method in diet management for patients with hyperuricemia. Methods Patients with initial diagnosis of hyperuricemia in the rheumatology clinic were divided into 2 groups per admission sequence. The control group (48 cases admitted during the period of January through June 2021) received routine health education, while the intervention group (49 cases admitted during the period of July through December 2021) received health education through mind mapping combined with teach-back method. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding self-management of diet and blood uric acid level were compared between the two groups. Results Three months into the intervention, the knowledge, attitudes, and practice scores and uric acid level in the intervention group were significantly better than those in the control group (all P＜0.05). Conclusion Application of mind mapping combined with teach-back method in health education can improve the ability of diet management in patients with hyperuricemia and improve the level of uric acid control.