Objective To build a closed-loop management system for small mobile devices in operating room, and to improve the efficiency and quality of instrument and equipment management in operating room. Methods The small mobile devices in the operating room were taken as the research object, the use process and demand in the early stage were investigated and analyzed, then a closed-loop management system through the intelligent equipment cabinet and management program was constructed and applied in clinical practice. The user satisfaction, equipment access consumption time and equipment overtime return rate before and after the application were compared. Results After application of the closed-loop management system of small mobile devices, satisfaction of physicians and nurses was significantly increased, the consumption time of equipment access was significantly shortened, and the overtime return rate was significantly reduced (P<0.01 for all). Conclusion Application of the closed-loop management system for small mobile devices in operating room, can effectively reduce the workload of nurses, improve the use frequency of equipment, enable managers to find the potential safety hazards of equipment in time, and reduce the occurrence of adverse events in the use of equipment.