Objective To explore the status of frailty and influencing factors among the elderly living in rural areas of Shanxi province, and to provide reference for intervention strategies in the future. Methods A total of 483 elderly people living in rural areas of Shanxi province were conveniently selected from Pingyao county of Shanxi province. The elderly people were surveyed by using the selfdesigned demographic questionnaire, and the Fried Phenotype of Frailty, and their chewing ability was measured with the method of gum-chewing plus software-assisted color analysis. Results Among the respondents, 206（42.7%） were assessed to be frail and the rest 277（57.3%） were non-frail. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age，medications, number of natural teeth ，denture use, and chewing ability, were associated with higher risk of frailty (P＜0.05,P＜0.01）. Conclusion The prevalence of frailty among the elderly living in rural areas is relatively high, and is associated with multiple factors . Particular attention should be paid to the screening of frailty among the elderly living in rural areas, and active intervention measures should be taken early on.