Objective To investigate the status of personal mastery in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to explore its influencing factors. Methods A total of 163 young and middle-aged CHD patients after PCI were investigated by using the General Information Questionnaire, the Personal Mastery Scale （PMS）, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale （HADS）, and the General Self-efficacy Scale （GSES）. Results The mean score was (20.61±3.08) points for PMS, （8.69±1.91） points for anxiety, （8.06±1.85） points for depression, and （2.55±0.34） points for self-efficacy.Multiple regression analysis showed that patients′ educational levels, monthly family income, course of CHD, the level of anxiety and depression and self-efficiency contributed to influence personal mastery levels in young and middle-aged CHD patients after PCI （P＜0.05，P＜0.01）. Conclusion Personal mastery in young and middle-aged CHD patients after PCI was at a medium level.More attention should be paid to those patients with low educational level, low family income, and short course of CHD.Clinical medical staff should strengthen disease education and guidance to the patients, boost secondary prevention and rehabilitation of the disease, help them improve self-efficacy, so as to enhance their personal mastery level.